Abel prize

 Abel prize

 The Abel price is awarded annually by the king of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians. It's named after the Norwegian mathematician Neils Henrik Abel. It's widely consider as the Nobel prize of mathematics. It comes with a monetary award of 7.5 million Norweigian kroner. 

Abel prize is considered as the Nobel Prize for mathematics. Why is there no Nobel in mathematics?

       Nobel prizes were created by the will of Alfred Nobel, a notable Swedish chemist. One of the most common and unfounded reasons as to why Nobel price in math is that a women whom he proposed / his wife/his mistress rejected him because of or cheated him with a famous mathematician Gosta Mittag Leffler is often claimed to be guilty. There is no historical evidence to support the story. For one, Mr. Nobel was never married. There were more credible reasons regarding this.One among them is simply the fact he didn't care much for mathematics, and that it was not considered a practical science from which humanity could benefit. (a chief purpose for creating the Nobel foundation.)

History of Abel prize

    The prize was first proposed in 1899 to be part of the celebration of the hundredth anniversary of Neils Henrik Abel's birth in 18O2. The Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie proposed establishing an Abel prize when he learned that Alfred Nobel's plan for annual prizes would not include a prize in mathematics. King Oscar II was willing to finance a mathematics prize in 1902,and the mathematicians Ludwig Sylow and Carl Stormer drew up statutes and rules for the proposed prize. However, Lie's influence decreased after his death, and the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway in 1905 ended the first attempt to create an Abel Prize.

    After interest in the concept of the prize had risen in 2001, a working group was formed to develop a proposal, which was presented to the Prime Minister of Norway in May. In August 2001, the Norwegian government announced that the prize would be awarded beginning in 2002, the two-hundredth anniversary of Abel's birth. Atle Selberg received an honorary Abel Prize in 2002, but the first actual Abel Prize was awarded in 2003.

     In 2019, Karen Uhlenbeck became the first woman to win the Abel Prize, with the award committee citing "the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics.The Bernt Michael Holmboe Memorial Prize was created in 2005. Named after Abel's teacher, it promotes excellence in teaching.

Selection criteria and funding.

  Anyone may submit a nomination for the Abel prize although self nominations are not permitted. The nominee must be alive. If the awardee dies after being declared the winner, the prize will be awarded posthumously.

  The Norwegian Government gave the prize an initial funding of about NOK 200 million. Previously the funding came from the Abel Foundation but today the prize is financed directly through the national budget. The funding is controlled by the board which consist of members elected by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.

The first ever Abel prize was won by Jean - Pierre Serre in 2003.The latest prize was awarded to Michel Talagrand in 2024 for his groundbreaking contributions to Probability Theory and functional analysis with outstanding applications in Mathematical Physics and statistics.

In 2016 Andrew Wiles, University of Oxford was awarded the Abel prize for his stunning proof of FERMAT'S LAST THEOREM by way of the modularity conjecture for semistable elliptix curves, opening a new era in number theory.

Andrew Wile's 

 Wile's proof of Fermat's last theorem is a proof by British mathematician Andrew Wile's.

In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem (sometimes called Fermat's conjecture, especially in older texts) states that no three positive integers a, b, and c satisfy the equation a^n + b^n = c^n for any integer value of n greater than 2. The cases n = 1 and n = 2 have been known since antiquity to have infinitely many solutions.

The proposition was first stated as a theorem by Pierre de Fermat around 1637 in the margin of a copy of Arithmetica. Fermat added that he had a proof that was too large to fit in the margin. Although other statements claimed by Fermat without proof were subsequently proven by others and credited as theorems of Fermat (for example, Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares), Fermat's Last Theorem resisted proof, leading to doubt that Fermat ever had a correct proof. Consequently, the proposition became known as a conjecture rather than a theorem. After 358 years of effort by mathematicians, the first successful proof was released in 1994 by Andrew Wiles and formally published in 1995. It was described as a "stunning advance" in the citation for Wiles's Abel Prize award in 2016.[2] It also proved much of the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture, subsequently known as the modularity theorem, and opened up entire new approaches to numerous other problems and mathematically powerful modularity lifting techniques.

The unsolved problem stimulated the development of algebraic number theory in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is among the most notable theorems in the history of mathematics and prior to its proof was in the Guinness Book of World Records as the "most difficult mathematical problem", in part because the theorem has the largest number of unsuccessful proofs.

FIELDS MEDAL.

The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award honours the Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields.

The Fields Medal is regarded as one of the highest honors a mathematician can receive, and has been described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics,although there are several major differences, including frequency of award, number of awards, age limits, monetary value, and award criteria. According to the annual Academic Excellence Survey by ARWU, the Fields Medal is consistently regarded as the top award in the field of mathematics worldwide,and in another reputation survey conducted by IREG in 2013–14, the Fields Medal came closely after the Abel Prize as the second most prestigious international award in mathematics.